Artificial-intelligence systems and large language models cannot qualify as authors because they cannot accept responsibility for a scholarly work.
Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, citations, interpretation and integrity of all submitted material.
Use of generative AI beyond routine spelling, grammar or formatting assistance should be transparently disclosed when it materially contributed to manuscript preparation or research procedures.
AI-generated citations or factual statements must be independently verified by authors.
Confidential manuscripts, reviewer reports or unpublished research information should not be uploaded by editors or reviewers to external generative-AI systems where doing so could compromise confidentiality.